ACK 
NEX 


5 

061 


WESlECH 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


WEST 

TECHNICAL  HIGH 
SCHOOL 


BUILDING  AND  EQUIPMENT 
WITH  AN  OUTLINE  OF  THE 
COURSE  OF  STUDY 


,  OHIO 
1911 


THE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION. 

Organization  for  1911. 

Members. 

FRANCIS  H.  HASEROT  JOHN  C.  CANFIELD 

SARAH  E.  HYRE  GEORGE  C.  ASHMUN 

JOHN  D.  JONES  AUGUST  KIMMEL 

WILLIAM  G.  LEOPOLD 

Officers. 

FRANCIS  H.  HASEROT President 

CHARLES  ORR Director  of  Schools 

WILLIAM  H.  ELSON Superintendent  of  Schools 

Address  all  communications  in  regard  to  the  West  Tech- 
nical High  School  to  R.  L.  Short,  Principal. 


Statement  of  Building 

The  building,  in  the  style  of  the  French  Renaissance,  is 
a  beautiful  structure  of  dark  shale  brick,  grey  stone  and 
terra  cotta.  The  architect,  Mr.  F.  S.  Barnum,  has  succeeded 
in  making  this,  as  is  ever  essential  in  a  school  building,  a 
glass  building.  The  large  amount  of  wall  space  given  to 
glass,  gives  ample  light  without  in  any  way  detracting  from 
the  appearance  of  the  building.  Steel  lockers  throughout 
the  building  take  the  place  of  cloak  rooms.  The  corridor 
floors  are  models  of  their  kind.  The  telephone  service 
reaches  each  room  and  is  so  wired  that  the  office  may  com- 
municate with  all  rooms  at  one  time.  A  vacuum  cleaning 
system  which  extends  to  every  part  of  the  building  insures 
a  clean  school,  free  from  dust.  The  boiler  room  contains  a 
plant  with  a  capacity  of  six  hundred  horse  power.  A  com- 
plete light  and  power  plant  is  installed.  The  fans  deliver 
171,000  cubic  feet  of  air  per  minute,  this  fresh  air  being  so 
distributed  that  each  pupil  is  supplied  with  54  cubic  feet  of 
fresh  air  per  minute.  This  exceeds  the  hospital  requirement 
of  50  cubic  feet  per  minute.  The  air  is  moistened  after 
being  heated  so  that  the  proper  amount  of  humidity  is  main- 
tained. Foul  air  is  taken  out  by  a  separate  set  of  exhaust 
fans. 

The  general  plan  of  the  main  part  of  the  building  is  in 
the  form  of  the  letter  E.  The  ground  floor  of  the  building 
covers  about  two  acres.  There  are  four  stories,  a  basement 
and  sub-basement  in  the  center  portion.  The  other  portions 
of  the  building  are  three  stories  above  the  basements.  The 
auditorium  entrance  to  building  is  at  the  southwest  corner. 
As  one  enters  the  center  of  the  building  on  the  first  floor 
are  found,  to  the  right,  the  general  and  private  offices  while 
an  exhibition  room  is  on  the  left.  Across  the  main  corridor 
is  the  consultation  room  where  teachers  may  meet  pupils 
and  parents. 

The  corridor  running  east  from  the  central  entrance 
leads  to  the  general  faculty  rooms.  These  are  the  official 
home  of  the  faculty.  Here  are  found  rest  rooms,  con- 
versation rooms,  and  desk  room  for  each  teacher.  The  north 
wing  of  the  first  floor  contains  the  cabinet  shops,  mill  room 
and  finishing  room.  Drafting  rooms  and  physics  lecture 
.room  and  laboratory  are  in  the  corners  of  the  building. 

In  the  basements  are  the  pattern  shops,  foundry,  forge 
rooms,  machine  shops,  cafe,  kitchens,  gymnasiums,  shower 


20G5B84 


rooms,  and  lockers,  electrical  construction  department  and 
kilns  for  pottery.  Two  mechanical  drawing  rooms  and 
rooms  for  the  heating  and  ventilating  apparatus  occupy  the 
remainder  of  space  on  this  floor. 

The  library  floor  is  the  second  floor.  Grouped  around 
the  library  are  recitation  rooms  that  demand  the  greatest  use 
of  reference  books.  On  this  floor  are  the  English,  History, 
German  rooms  and  the  study  halls.  The  middle  section  of 
the  second  floor  is  devoted  to  dressmaking,  millinery,  physi- 
ology and  the  girls'  hospital. 

With  the  exception  of  the  mathematical  rooms,  the  third 
floor  is  largely  a  laboratory  floor;  here  are  two  chemical 
laboratories,  a  geography  laboratory,  two  art  rooms,  the  pot- 
tery and  art  metal  rooms,  two  kitchens  for  domestic  science, 
and  a  suite  of  rooms  where  the  girls  are  taught  to  keep 
house. 

On  the  fourth  floor  is  a  small  auditorium  with  a  seat- 
ing capacity  of  two  hundred,  a  print  shop,  a  laundry  and 
the  Industrial  Museums. 

EQUIPMENT. 

The  building  is  equipped  for  1,000  pupils.  Each  shop 
will  care  for  28  at  a  time.  The  pattern  shops  each  contain 
28  benches,  6  lathes,  a  grinder  and  band  saw,  with  the 
necessary  small  tools.  In  the  foundry  is  a  two-ton  cupola, 
a  modern  brass  furnace,  a  core  oven  and  tumbling  barrel. 
There  are  28  individual  benches  and  a  set  of  tools  for  each. 
The  forge  room  has  29  modern  down  draft  forges,  a  tem- 
pering furnace  and  a  power  hammer  for  illustrating  drop 
forging,  also  power  shears,  hack  saws,  emery  wheels  and 
drills.  The  mill  room  is  equipped  with  the  most  modern 
and  powerful  machinery  to  re-saw  and  prepare  the  lumber 
for  use  in  the  various  shops.  In  the  machine  shops  is 
modern  heavy  machinery  for  iron  and  steel  work.  Here  are 
found  the  most  approved  types  of  lathes,  shapers,  planers, 
milling  machines,  grinders,  drills  and  screw  machines  that 
are  needed  in  modern  manufacture.  The  drafting  rooms 
are  models  of  their  kind,  each  pupil  having  his  individual 
instruments  which  belong  to  the  school.  The  lighting  is 
indirect  and  of  the  most  approved  type.  The  electrical  con- 
struction department  is  fitted  up  with  28  miniature  rooms 
with  complete  equipment  in  which  classes  may  work  out  the 
various  problems  assigned  to  them.  The  physics  laboratory 
is  planned  for  practical  work  in  physics  and  is  thoroughly 


equipped  for  the  study  of  machines  and  electricity.  One 
chemical  laboratory  is  arranged  for  agricultural  and  manu- 
facturing chemistry,  and  the  other  for  the  chemistry  of 
foods.  The  latter  adjoins  one  of  the  kitchens.  This  enables 
a  teacher  of  cooking  to  illustrate  the  chemistry  of  cooking 
by  taking  the  pupils  directly  to  the  laboratory  instead  of 
passing  them  on  to  another  teacher.  The  sewing  and  mil- 
linery rooms  are  well  equipped  with  tables,  machines  and 
storage  cases.  The  course  prepares  for  either  home  or 
trade  work.  The  art  rooms  are  attractively  fitted  up  and 
can  be  thrown  together  by  means  of  folding  doors.  The 
kitchens  are  ideal.  Each  girl  has  her  own  stove,  oven  and 
complete  kitchen  outfit.  The  suite  is  completely  but  simply 
furnished.  The  equipment  is  suitable  for  the  teaching  of 
serving,  table  manners,  housekeeping  and  home  nursing. 
The  greenhouse  makes  possible  the  continuance  of  agri- 
cultural and  horticultural  work  during  the  winter  months. 
The  outdoor  gymnasium  and  outdoor  study  hall  lend  an 
additional  attraction  to  the  school,  an  attraction  which  is 
not  only  a  pleasure  but  a  benefit.  The  gymnasiums  are 
the  most  complete  in  the  state.  The  main  gymnasium  has 
a  floor  space  101  x  65  feet,  equipped  with  three  sets  of  floor 
and  suspended  apparatus,  a  liberal  supply  of  bells,  clubs, 
wands  and  chest  weights,  an  excellent  cork  covered  running 
track  and  is  arranged  to  care  for  such  indoor  games  as 
basketball,  baseball,  hockey,  volley  ball  and  wrestling. 

The  smaller  gymnasium,  41  x  52  feet,  will  be  used  for 
lighter  exercises  and  artistic  work  and  such  corrective  exer- 
cises as  can  best  be  handled  off  the  main  floor. 

The  dressing  rooms  are  supplied  with  the  best  sanitary 
steel  lockers  and  ample  bathing  facilities. 

The  outdoor  gymnasium  consists  of  a  timbered  roof 
supported  by  large  concrete  columns  and  enclosed  by  a  wire 
netting,  giving  a  clear  floor  space  of  40  x  90  feet  free  of  all 
obstructions. 

The  structure  follows  the  lines  of  a  Greek  temple  and 
will  greatly  add  to  the  beauty  of  the  school  grounds. 

The  athletic  field  in  lay-out  and  construction  is  second 
to  none  in  this  country.  The  quarter-mile  cinder  track,  16 
feet  wide  and  having  a  150  yard  straightaway  26  feet  wide, 
is  built  according  to  the  most  approved  methods  and  en- 
closes two  baseball  diamonds,  a  football  gridiron  and  nu- 
merous jumping  pits.  At  one  side  are  four  regulation  tennis 
courts  properly  built  and  drained. 


On  this  field  is  a  fine  grandstand  of  concrete  and  iron 
construction  with  a  seating  capacity  of  2,000.  Beneath 
this  structure  are  large  dressing  rooms  equipped  with 
benches,  showers,  and  such  other  facilities  as  go  to  make  a 
first  class  athletic  field  equipment. 

AIM. 

It  is  the  aim  of  this  school  to  afford  a  practical  educa- 
tion to  boys  and  girls  who  desire  such,  to  aid  those  who 
wish  help  toward  a  trade,  to  prepare  those  who  wish  to 
enter  higher  technical  schools  and  to  offer  to  the  girls  in 
the  household  arts  course  an  education  which  is  invaluable 
to  the  homemaker.  To  both  boys  and  girls  the  school  digni- 
fies and  teaches  the  value  of  manual  work.  The  various 
types  of  shops  and  laboratories  afford  wide  choice  in  spe- 
cialization. These  include  structural  drafting,  machine  de- 
sign, printing,  pattern  making,  cabinet  making,  forging,  ma- 
chine shop  practice,  designing,  catering,  agriculture  and 
horticulture,  industrial  chemistry,  electrical  construction 
and  physical  training.  Pupils  may  specialize  in  the  third 
and  fourth  years. 

The  night  classes  afford  an  excellent  opportunity  for 
those  engaged  in  technical  work  to  become  more  skillful 
along  the  lines  in  which  they  are  interested.  The  school 
is  open  to  all  who  meet  its  entrance  requirements  and  who 
live  west  or  south  of  the  river. 

THE  SCHOOL  DAY. 

The  school  is  in  continuous  session  from  8.30  until 
3  :30  p.  m.,  this  time  being  divided  into  nine  equal  periods. 
Each  pupil  and  teacher  is  given  time  during  the  middle  of 
the  day  for  luncheon,  the  lunch  being  eaten  in  the  cafe, 
and  may  either  be  purchased  there  or  brought  from  home. 
The  cafe  is  under  the  supervision  of  the  teachers  of  domes- 
tic science  and  many  of  the  dishes  of  the  luncheon  are  pre- 
pared by  the  pupils  and  sold  in  the  cafe  at  cost. 

BOYS'  AND  GIRLS'  CLASSES. 

In  so  far  as  is  possible,  boys  and  girls  are  given  sep- 
arate instruction.  This  is  essential  from  the  very  nature  of 
the  courses  offered,  not  only  in  technical  but  also  in  aca- 
demic branches,  and  affords  an  opportunity  to  the  teacher 
for  special  instruction  not  often  found  in  other  lines  of 
teaching. 


THE  SCHOOL  YEAR. 

School  is  in  session  the  entire  year,  the  year  being 
divided  into  four  terms  of  twelve  weeks  each.  To  gradu- 
ate, a  pupil  must  complete  twelve  terms  of  work  covering 
an  assigned  number  of  hours.  This  work  may  be  taken 
continuously  or  by  terms  which  suit  the  convenience  of  the 
pupil.  If  the  work  is  taken  continuously,  the  four  years' 
course  may  be  completed  in  three  calendar  years.  The 
first  year  is  the  "D"  year,  the  second  the  "C"  year,  the  third 
the  "B"  and  the  fourth  the  "A."  Three  terms  constitute 
a  year's  credit  in  any  year. 

THE  LIBRARY. 

This  is  directly  under  the  direction  of  the  Cleveland 
Public  Library.  The  school  is  thus  benefited  by  the  expert 
advice  and  suggestions  which  library  officials  are  able  to 
give.  Preparation  has  been  made  for  a  collection  of  5,000 
books  and  technical  magazines.  With  the  exception  of  the 
circulating  books  furnished  by  the  city  library,  the  collection 
is  for  reference  work. 

THE  SCHOOL  AND  THE  HOME. 

In  this  school  the  relation  of  the  home,  the  pupil  and 
the  teacher  is  exceptional.  When  a  pupil  enters  the  school 
he  is  assigned  to  a  teacher  who  is  to  be  his  counselor  and 
advisor  for  the  entire  time  he  is  in  school.  Cordial  rela- 
tions are  at  once  established.  The  teacher  visits  the  home, 
knows  the  boys'  surroundings,  meets  his  parents,  talks  over 
the  boy's  future.  By  this  means  the  teacher  becomes  the 
pupil's  mentor,  is  responsible  for  his  attendance,  his  schol- 
arship, his  course  of  study  and  has  largely  to  do  with  his 
vocational  guidance.  Such  organization  means  better  under- 
standing of  the  school  by  the  home,  fewer  failures,  smaller 
losses,  a  better  comradeship,  a  better  adaptation  of  the  work 
to  the  boy  and  the  boy  to  the  work. 

THE  SCHOOL  AND  THE  EMPLOYER. 

The  system  of  advisors  maintained  in  the  school  is  a 
great  help  to  employers  and  to  pupils  seeking  employment. 
In  a  limited  way  cooperation  between  the  school  and  the 
employer  is  thus  made  possible.  Many  merchants  and 
manufacturers  are  ready  to  employ  intelligent  boys  and 
girls  who  have  received  technical  training. 


COURSE  OF  STUDY  FOR  BOYS 

The  daily  session  consists  of  nine  periods  of  forty-five  minutes 

each.    School  day  8:30  A.  M.  to  3:30  P.  M. 

Program  by  periods  per  week 

First  Year 
Subject  Periods  per  week 

English  

Mathematics    

Industrial  Geography   

Mechanical  Drawing 6 

Woodworking    10 

Physical  Training   4  or  3 

Study  5  or  6 

Lunch     5 

45 
Second  Year 

English   5 

Mathematics    5 

Chemistry    6 

Mechanical   Drawing    4 

Shop    10 

Physical  Training  4  or  3 

Study  6  or  7 

Lunch    5 

Third  Year 

English  5 

Physics  6 

German  or  French  or  Industrial  History  or 

Technical  5 

Mechanical  Drawing,  one  quarter  )  4 

Shop,  one  quarter j  10 

Elective  Technical,  two  quarters  14 

Study    10 

Lunch    5 

Fourth  Year 

Advanced  Mathematics   5 

American  History  and  Civics   5 

German  or  French  or  Elective  Academic,  or 

Technical   (10)    5 

Elective  Technical 15 

Study 10  or  5 

Lunch     5 

45 

In  the  third  and  fourth  years  pupils  may  elect  2  or  3  periods 
of  Physical  Training. 

In  the  fourth  year  pupils  may  elect  2  periods  of  Sex  Hy- 
giene in  place  of  2  periods  of  Physical  Training. 

8 


COURSE  OF  STUDY  FOR  GIRLS 

The  daily  session  consists  of  nine  periods  of  forty-five  minutes 

each.    School  day  8:30  A.  M.  to  3:30  P.  M. 

Program  by  periods  per  week 

First  Year 

Subject  Periods  per  week 

English   5 

Mathematics    

Botany  and  Physiology   5 

Cooking    6 

Sewing     4 

Applied   Art    6 

Physical  Training 4  or  3 

Study  5  or  6 

Lunch     5 

45 
Second  Year 

English  

Mathematics    5 

Cooking  and  Chemistry 10 

Sewing    6 

Applied  Art   4 

Physical  Training   4  or  3 

Study   6  or  7 

Lunch     5 

45 
Third  Year 

English  

History     5 

Physics  6 

German  or  French  or  Technical  (10) 5 

Elective  Technical   15 

Study    

Lunch    5 

45 
Fourth  Year 

Art  History  and  Civics   

Advanced  Science  or  German  or  French 5 

Elective  Academic  or  Technical  (10) 

Elective  Technical  15 

Study    

Lunch    5 

45 

In  the  third  and  fourth  years  pupils  may  elect  2  or  3  periods 
of  Physical  Training. 

In  the  fourth  year  pupils  may  elect  2  periods  of  Sex  Hy- 
giene in  place  of  2  periods  of  Physical  Training. 


THE  COURSE  OF  STUDY. 

Academic  Work. 

MATHEMATICS. 

In  this  department  the  work  is  necessarily  more  exact- 
ing and  difficult  than  in  any  other  type  of  high  school.  Not 
only  must  the  pupil  have  a  good  knowledge  of  theoretical 
and  demonstrative  mathematics  but  he  must  be  able  at  any 
time  to  apply  his  mathematics  to  whatever  problem  arises 
in  shop,  kitchen  or  laboratory. 

Speed  and  accuracy  are  a  factor  in  this  work.  Techni- 
cal teachers  are  in  close  touch  with  those  of  this  depart- 
ment, and  any  deficiency  on  the  part  of  the  pupil  is  at  once 
reported. 

The  scope  of  the  work  covers  Arithmetic,  Algebra, 
Geometry,  and  Trigonometry.  Two  years  are  required  but 
three  and  one-third  years  are  offered.  This  enables  a  pupil 
to  prepare  for  any  technical  college. 

ENGLISH. 

The  courses  in  English  constantly  strive  toward  two 
definite  ends.  First,  an  added  care  for  the  purity  and  pre- 
cision of  our  speech  and,  second,  a  love  for  its  literary 
masterpieces.  Through  acquaintance  with  the  latter,  the 
student  has  before  him  models  from  which  he  may  un- 
consciously form  his  own  style,  if  properly  guided.  More 
than  this  the  work  in  literature  is  to  serve  practical  ends. 
As  a  result  of  the  student's  three  years'  work  in  English, 
he  should  be  so  much  at  home  in  the  world  of  books  that 
he  may  be  able  to  draw  upon  them  with  facility  to  meet 
the  demands  of  daily  life — draw  upon  them  for  business 
purposes  for  models  and  aids  in  letter-writing,  speech- 
making,  story  telling  and  other  forms  of  entertaining.  The 
student  should  have  learned  in  a  general  way  what  sources 
of  information  a  good  library  affords,  should  know  how  to 
consult  it  for  a  variety  of  purposes,  and  how  to  hunt  down 
expeditiously  any  reference  that  occurs  in  his  daily  reading. 
With  the  good  reference  library  in  school  this  may  be 
accomplished. 

The  study  of  composition  has  an  important  place  in 
the  English  work.  Its  purpose  is  plain  enough.  It  is  to 
help  the  student  to  express  himself  more  fluently,  more 
accurately,  and  more  clearly  than  he  otherwise  would.  The 

10 


topics  chosen  by  the  teacher  are,  as  a  rule,  those  relating 
to  his  work  or  experiences  in  some  one  of  the  departments 
of  the  school.  Thus  an  effort  is  made  to  correlate  the  study 
of  English  with  other  subjects,  and  at  the  same  time  to 
arouse  and  sustain  the  interest  of  the  student. 

Generally,  no  particular  provision  is  made  in  high 
school  work  for  so-called  oral  composition,  but  it  is  the 
plan  of  this  department  to  assign  during  the  first  year 
simple  topics  to  the  student  in  connection  with  his  class 
reading  and  current  topics.  He  is  to  be  taught  how  to  col- 
lect the  material,  and  arrange  it  in  an  outline  form  from 
which  to  present  it  in  the  class  room.  After  the  student 
has  acquired  the  ability  to  present  topics  with  the  aid  of 
notes,  he  should  be  encouraged  to  speak  without  any  of 
these  aids.  The  same  methods  may  be  applied  to  the  daily 
recitation.  In  fact,  it  is  often  best  to  begin  by  having  the 
student  outline  the  subject  matter  of  the  lesson  and  come 
to  class  prepared  to  recite  upon  any  topic  in  the  outline. 
In  this  manner  the  recitations  in  English  and  in  practically 
all  of  the  other  subjects  of  the  high  school  course  may  be 
used  to  give  the  student  the  necessary  training  in  oral  com- 
position. 

The  fact  must  not  be  overlooked,  however,  that  if  good 
results  in  English  training  are  to  be  secured,  there  must  be 
a  hearty  cooperation  between  parent  and  teacher. 

FIRST  YEAR  SCIENCE. 

The  course  for  girls  includes  Botany  and  Physiology: 
The  Botany  is  of  a  general  character.  Beginning  with  the 
lowest  forms  of  plant  life,  the  pupil  is  gradually  lead  to 
understand  the  higher  forms  and  their  relation  to  the  lower 
forms  of  animal  life.  Besides  the  value  to  the  pupil  thru 
Botany  itself,  and  the  help  in  understanding  Physiology, 
this  Botany  work  is  helpful  in  Applied  Art.  The  study 
of  cell  structure  is  helpful  in  its  relation  to  various  textiles. 

Physiology  occupies  two-thirds  of  the  year.  This 
course  is  very  thorough,  and  emphasis  is  laid  on  hygiene 
and  personal  physiology  for  women. 

The  course  for  boys  is  in  Industrial  Geography:  The 
purpose  of  this  course  is  to  develop  in  the  student  the 
scientific  habit  of  solving  problems  and  to  give  him  some 
knowledge  of  the  geographical  conditions  which  determine 
and  control  the  industries  of  this  country  and  of  the  lead- 
ing nations  with  which  our  country  carries  on  commerce. 

11 


The  first  two  months  are  spent  studying  weather  and 
climate.  In  this  work  the  student  becomes  familiar  with 
the  methods  and  means  of  predicting  weather  and  the 
value  of  such  predictions.  He  also  comes  to  know  some  of 
the  conditions  which  determine  climate  and  the  influence 
which  climate  has  on  industries.  This  work  is  followed 
by  a  study  of  relief,  drainage  and  soil,  together  with  the 
agencies  which  modify  their  factors.  Throughout  the 
course  much  time  is  spent  showing  the  relations  between 
relief,  drainage  and  soil,  and  the  industries  which  are 
largely  determined  by  them. 

During  the  second  half  year  the  principles  gained  in 
the  first  half  of  the  course  are  applied  in  a  regional  study 
of  the  industries  of  the  United  States,  Canada,  British 
Isles,  Germany  and  France.  This  familiarizes  the  student 
with  the  leading  industries  of  these  countries,  the  reasons 
why  they  exist,  the  methods  by  which  they  are  carried  on 
and  the  lives  of  the  people  who  are  engaged  in  them. 

The  course  is  carried  forward  in  a  series  of  lectures, 
recitations,  and  laboratory  exercises. 

SECOND  YEAR  SCIENCE. 

The  course  for  girls  is  Household  Chemistry.  This 
deals  with  the  general  principles  of  chemistry  applied  to 
chemistry  of  foods,  stains,  and  the  effect  of  chemicals  on 
various  textiles  and  colors.  The  fuel  values  of  foods,  the 
digestibility  of  foods  and  the  adulteration  of  foods  are 
carefully  investigated. 

Elementary  Chemistry,  required  of  all  boys  the  second 
year,  is  taught  by  recitations,  demonstrations,  and  labora- 
tory exercises.  After  the  general  principles  of  chemistry 
have  been  developed,  the  great  commercial  importance  of 
the  science  is  impressed  on  the  pupils  by  a  detailed  study 
of  the  production  of  copper,  aluminum,  carborundum,  and 
iron.  The  practical  side  of  chemistry  and  its  every-day 
uses  are  brought  out  by  a  consideration  of  such  subjects 
as,  hard  and  soft  water,  free  alkali  and  other  impurities  in 
soaps,  conversion  of  blacksmiths'  iron  into  steel  by  the 
addition  of  carbon,  and  electro-plating  of  metals  as  copper 
or  nickel.  This  work  is  covered  by  four  recitations  and  one 
laboratory  each  week  through  the  year. 

THIRD  YEAR  SCIENCE. 

In  this  year,  Physics  is  the  subject  for  both  girls  and 
boys.  The  course  for  girls  is  largely  given  for  household 

12 


- 


arts'  purposes.  Much  attention  is  paid  to  heating  and 
ventilation  of  houses,  to  the  effect  of  heat  and  moisture  on 
various  textiles,  to  the  effect  of  artificial  light  on  color. 

The  work  for  boys  is  devoted  largely  to  mechanics  and 
electricity.  The  course  opens  with  a  study  of  machines. 
While  work  more  practical  than  is  usual  is  undertaken, 
still  the  theory  and  mathematics  of  the  subject  are  not  neg- 
lected. In  the  mathematics  the  pupil  has  ample  opportunity 
to  use  both  his  logarithms  and  his  trigonometry. 

HISTORY. 

American  History  and  Civics  are  required  during  the 
fourth  year,  while  a  year's  course  in  Industrial  History 
for  the  boys  and  in  European  History  for  the  girls  is  offered 
during  the  third  year. 

The  ultimate  aim  of  the  history  course  is  to  prepare 
the  high  school  student  for  the  proper  exercise  of  his 
duties  and  privileges  as  an  American  citizen.  To  accom- 
plish this  it  is  hoped  that  the  course  in  Industrial  Geography 
closely  followed  by  Industrial  History  will  naturally  lead 
to  the  work  in  American  History  and  Civics,  where  many 
of  the  living  questions  upon  industrial  progress  and  gov- 
ernmental policies  are  discussed. 

To  quicken  the  interest  in  class  room  work  and  to 
investigate  the  actual  work  of  government  in  practical 
phases,  excursions  are  made  to  many  of  the  municipal  ac- 
tivities. This  always  brings  about  highly  satisfactory  re- 
sults, for  the  student  conies  into  direct  contact  with  some 
of  the  problems  with  which  the  city  is  struggling. 

A  course  in  Mediaeval  and  Modern  History  affords  to 
both  boys  and  girls  an  opportunity  to  come  in  contact  with 
European  thought  and  development. 

GERMAN. 

Modern  languages  are  elective  during  the  third  and 
fourth  years.  These  courses  do  not  differ  widely  from 
corresponding  courses  in  other  high  schools.  The  first  year 
is  devoted  to  acquiring  a  working  knowledge  of  the  lan- 
guage. This  means  a  careful  study  of  both  grammar  and 
vocabulary.  Some  simple  classics  are  read  early  in  the  first 
year.  The  usual  literary  classics  are  read  during  the  sec- 
ond year  and  the  language  used  in  the  class  room  is  entirely 
foreign.  It  is  not  advisable  for  pupils  who  are  not  going 
to  college  to  take  this  modern  language  work. 

13 


PHYSICAL  TRAINING. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  health,  its  provision  and 
protection  is  all  controlling  in  present  day  educational 
theory.  It  is  realized  that  the  connection  between  physical 
health  and  the  power  of  voluntary  control,  and  consequently 
of  conduct,  is  very  close.  Preservation  of  health  is,  there- 
fore, an  aid  to  character  building,  and  rational  physical 
training  is  essential  to  sound  scholarship. 

The  boys'  course :  A  thorough  physical  examination  of 
each  student  will  be  made  and  advice  given  to  assist  the 
individual  in  acquiring  and  maintaining  a  healthy  body. 

A  required  course  in  systematical  and  rational  physical 
training  will  be  given  covering  three  periods  per  week,  for 
all  first  and  second  year  students,  which  will  include  lectures 
on  personal  hygiene,  physiology  of  exercise,  theory  of  dif- 
ferent systems  of  physical  training  and  kindred  subjects. 

An  elective  course  is  offered  to  Juniors  and  Seniors 
who  desire  a  deeper  knowledge  of  this  subject,  with  a  view 
to  become  instructors  or  assistants  in  gymnasium,  or  play- 
ground, or  athletic  work.  This  course  will  include  lectures 
on  the  history,  theory,  and  practice  of  gymnastics,  and  ath- 
letics ;  practice  in  taking  physical  measurements  and  exam- 
ination of  the  heart,  lungs,  and  senses;  first  aid  to  the 
injured  and  care  of  minor  injuries.  Ample  opportunity  will 
be  given  for  practice  in  handling  gymnastic  classes  and 
athletic  teams. 

The  girls'  course :  The  girls'  course  in  Physical  Train- 
ing is  given  with  the  idea  of  obtaining  four  general  results. 
First,  that  of  education,  in  seeking  to  remove  motor  dullness 
and  bringing  out  the  characteristics  of  self-reliance,  alert- 
ness, precision,  and  power  of  co-ordination;  second,  the 
hygiene  result,  to  improve  and  maintain  good  health ;  third, 
the  corrective  result,  to  obtain  a  good  posture  and  erect 
and  graceful  carriage ;  and  fourth,  the  recreative  result,  for 
exercise  must  furnish  enjoyment  and  recreation,  if  it  is  to 
be  wholly  beneficial.  This  course  will  consist  of  marching 
tactics,  free  standing  and  hand-apparatus  exercises,  aesthetic 
movements  and  folk  dancing,  simple  exercises  on  the  gym- 
nastic apparatus,  plays  and  games,  and  athletics. 

At  the  beginning  of  each  school  year  a  physical  exam- 
ination is  made  of  each  girl  and  questions  are  asked  regard- 
ing the  condition  of  her  health  and  habits  of  living,  in  order 
to  give  the  director  a  working  knowledge  of  that  pupil's 
functional  ability  and  vitality  so  that  personal  attention  may 

14 


be  given  to  her  physical  needs.  A  special  class  will  be 
formed  for  any  pupils  who  need  individual  corrective  exer- 
cises for  round  shoulders  or  lateral  curvature  of  the  spine. 

The  outdoor  work  will  be  an  important  feature  of  the 
course.  It  is  hoped  that  during  nearly  eight  months  of  the 
school  year  it  will  be  possible  for  the  regular  gymnastic 
work  to  be  conducted  out  of  doors.  In  addition  to  this  all 
girls  will  be  required  to  select  several  outdoor  games  and 
sports,  included  among  the  number  of  which  are  basket-ball, 
field  hockey,  tennis,  a  modification  of  indoor  base-ball,  walk- 
ing and  skating.  The  perfectly  equipped  shower  rooms 
make  it  possible  to  require  bathing  as  a  part  of  the  course. 

Special  elective  courses  in  sex  hygiene  will  be  offered 
in  the  senior  year. 

Technical  Work 
MECHANICAL  DRAWING. 

This  language  of  graphic  art  is  essential  to  all  lines  of 
manufacture  and  the  arts.  It  is  a  sign  language  by  means 
of  which  the  craftsman  expresses  himself.  With  this 
thought  in  view  all  drafting  room  courses  are  taught.  This 
enables  the  pupil  to  express  himself  accurately  and  to  use 
his  initiative  in  the  designing  and  in  accurate  drawing  of 
what  he  must  afterward  construct  in  the  shop  or  workroom. 
In  so  far  as  is  possible  the  pupil  designs  what  he  is  to  make 
in  the  shop.  A  course  in  free  hand  sketching  and  design- 
ing is  given  and  also  a  course  in  the  reading  of  drawing. 

The  course  in  perspective  and  projection  makes  possible 
to  the  pupil  the  ideal  drawing  of  the  finished  product  in 
addition  to  the  carefully  prepared  working  drawings  made 
in  the  drafting  course. 

The  connection  between  shop  and  drawing  makes  it 
necessary  for  the  pupil  to  either  pass  or  fail  in  both  sub- 
jects. That  is,  if  a  boy  is  taking  pattern  making,  he  is 
also  taking  pattern  making  drawing,  and  cannot  fail  in  one 
course  and  pass  in  the  other.  The  course  in  drawing  is 
for  four  years. 

THE  SHOPS. 

Since  a  general  understanding  of  certain  principles  in 
the  use  of  tools  is  essential  to  nearly  all  lines  of  manufac- 
ture, the  course  for  the  first  and  second  years  is  definitely 
outlined  for  all  pupils.  Accuracy,  good  design  and  speed 

15 


are  needed  in  every  industry  and  to  this  end  the  pupil  is 
held  to  direct  account  for  the  kind  of  work  he  produces. 
The  accuracy  and  care  required  in  the  shops  are  as  educa- 
tive as  any  of  the  academic  subjects. 

The  principles  governing  the  handling  and  care  of  tools 
being  common  to  all  kinds  of  woodworking  the  pupil  is 
first  given  work  in  pattern  making  where  soft  woods  are 
used.  Turning  is  taught  in  connection  with  the  bench 
work.  Here  the  pupil  gets  his  first  work  at  the  lathe  and 
bandsaw. 

This  course  is  as  follows :  First  term,  elementary  pat- 
tern making ;  second  term,  elementary  pattern  making ;  third 
term,  pattern  making  and  foundry  work.  In  the  second 
year,  one  term  each  of  cabinet  making  and  forge  shop  are 
required.  The  third  term  is  advanced  cabinet  making,  ad- 
vanced forging  or  advanced  pattern  making  at  the  discre- 
tion of  the  pupil.  In  the  third  year  one  term  of  machine 
shop  is  required.  The  balance  of  the  junior  year  and  the 
entire  senior  year  is  open  to  the  pupil  for  specialization. 

DOMESTIC  SCIENCE. 

The  course  in  Domestic  Science  covers  four  years,  and 
is  planned  to  be  intensely  practical  and  valuable  to  every 
girl.  All  subjects  are  taught  which  will  help  her  to  be  a 
good  home  keeper,  and  make  her  surroundings  healthful, 
comfortable,  and  attractive. 

Besides  the  kitchens  and  laundry,  there  is  a  small  suite 
consisting  of  dining  room,  bed  room,  and  bath  room,  where 
the  actual  care  and  work  of  the  home  is  demonstrated. 

The  main  topic  of  the  first  two  years  is  cooking  and 
here  the  preparation  of  all  the  ordinary  foods  is  learned, 
as  well  as  the  uses  of  the  foods  to  the  body,  their  digesti- 
bility, the  effect  of  heat  upon  them,  etc. 

A  closely  correlated  course  in  the  chemistry  of  foods 
accompanies  the  cooking,  and  so  from  a  study  of  the  com- 
position and  properties  of  the  various  foods  in  the  chemical 
laboratory,  the  pupil  learns  the  reasons  for  what  she  does, 
and  understands  the  principles  which  underlie  and  govern 
all  cookery.  Thus  she  knows  why  eggs  should  not  be 
boiled,  why  cereals  need  a  long  cooking,  why  cold  water  is 
put  on  meat  for  soup  stock  and  boiling  water  on  a  pot-roast, 
why  baking  powder  is  used  with  sweet  milk  and  soda  with 
sour  milk,  etc.  She  can  then  work  intelligently  and  thought- 

16 


fully,  instead  of  blindly  trying  to  follow  a  meaningless 
rule. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  second  year,  the  girls  prepare 
and  serve  complete  meals  in  the  dining  room,  and  here  are 
learned  the  duties  of  hostess,  and  maid;  formal  and  infor- 
mal methods  of  serving,  table  etiquette,  and  general  neat- 
ness and  daintiness  in  dining  room  service.  A  study  of 
food  values,  the  proper  combination  of  foods  for  well  bal- 
anced meals,  the  cost  of  foods,  planning  of  seasonable 
menus,  and  simple  dietary  computations  are  given  with 
these  serving  lessons.  Students  are  often  surprised  and 
delighted  when  they  realize  what  a  large  number  of  good 
breakfasts,  luncheons,  and  dinners  they  are  able  to  prepare, 
and  feel  that  they  have  really  accomplished  something 
worth  while  when  they  can  be  so  useful  and  give  so  much 
pleasure  to  themselves  and  others. 

In  the  third  and  fourth  years,  the  work  deals  with  other 
important  phases  of  household  management.  In  the  laun- 
dry, the  girl  is  taught  how  to  wash  and  iron  all  common 
articles  in  the  best  and  easiest  way,  to  remove  stains,  wash 
flannels,  and  colored  clothes,  how  to  iron  table  linen,  and 
embroidery,  as  well  as  to  select  good  bluings,  soaps,  etc. 

A  simple  course  in  Home  Nursing  is  given  which 
teaches  the  students  how  to  keep  a  sick  room  healthful  and 
comfortable,  to  care  for  invalids  and  children,  to  treat  or- 
dinary injuries  and  illnesses  and  what  precautions  and  care 
are  necessary  in  contagious  diseases.  Invalid  cookery  ac- 
companies this  course  with  special  reference  to  the  proper 
diet  in  various  diseases. 

Bacteriology,  with  its  important  applications  to  the  gen- 
eral care  of  the  house,  canning,  and  the  general  preservation 
of  foods,  is  also  given  a  place  in  the  curriculum. 

In  the  last  year,  the  keeping  of  accounts,  marketing, 
house  sanitation  and  decoration,  the  planning  of  houses, 
etc.,  are  the  topics  emphasized,  and  some  time  is  also  de- 
voted to  advanced  and  fancy  cookery. 

Opportunity  is  also  given  to  those  who  wish  to  special- 
ize in  cooking  either  for  the  purposes  of  becoming  teachers 
of  the  subject  or  for  catering.  The  cafe  being  under  the 
direction  of  this  department  affords  a  fine  practice  school. 

APPLIED  ARTS. 

Here  is  taught  expression  by  means  of  free  hand  de- 
sign. Flowers  and  fruits  are  sketched  in  black  and  white 

17 


and  in  color.  Flowers  are  studied  and  their  symmetrical 
parts  noted.  These  parts  are  then  conventionalized  for  the 
subjects  for  original  designs  both  as  to  form  and  color. 
This  is  constructive  work,  as  much  so  as  is  the  designing 
of  furniture  and  patterns  in  the  mechanical  drawing 
courses.  The  designs  in  applied  art  are  for  borders,  yokes, 
embroideries,  for  pottery,  art  metal,  and  frescoes.  As  far 
as  possible  they  are  made  to  touch  the  daily  life  of  the 
child.  They  mean  something,  are  correlated  directly  with 
household  decoration  in  domestic  science,  with  the  planning 
and  sketching  of  dresses,  millinery,  and  underwear,  with 
good  design  in  embroidery,  in  printing  and  in  architecture. 

SEWING,  DRESSMAKING,  MILLINERY. 

In  this  department  the  aim  is  not  only  to  give  the  girl 
some  skill  and  the  proper  methods  in  needle  and  machine 
work,  but  to  give  her  a  proper  appreciation  of  form,  color, 
and  fabric.  Girls  are  taught  to  shop,  to  estimate  values, 
draft  patterns,  fit  dresses,  make  their  hats  completely  and 
at  small  cost. 

During  the  first  two  years  they  work  on  underwear 
and  cotton  dresses,  the  next  two  years  in  silk  and  woolen, 
and  finer  work  in  cotton  and  linen.  The  millinery  work 
even  to  a  greater  degree  than  dressmaking  enables  the 
girls  to  use  their  initiative  in  design. 

Opportunity  for  Specializing 

During  the  third  and  fourth  years  pupils  may  devote 
extra  time  to  the  technical  subjects  for  which  they  are  best 
fitted.  To  this  end  the  work  is  so  arranged  that  during 
some  quarters  the  pupil  who  so  desires  may  spend  as  many 
as  20  hours  a  week  in  one  line  of  work.  The  following 
statements  show  briefly  what  advantages  are  opened  to  the 
pupil. 

AGRICULTURE  AND  HORTICULTURE. 

Demands  for  work  of  this  nature  have  lead  to  the  offer 
of  unusual  opportunity  in  this  direction.  Instruction  will 
be  given  by  means  of  lecture,  recitation,  and  experiment. 
By  extensive  use  of  the  greenhouse  connected  with  the 
school  and  the  agricultural  experimental  gardens,  it  is  ex- 
pected that  rapid  progress  will  be  made  in  gardening,  farm- 
ing, and  horticulture. 

18 


The  following  topics  will  be  treated :  Domesticated  Ani- 
mals, Animal  Production,  Farm  and  Garden,  Farm  Crops, 
Soil  Physics  and  the  Seed  Bed,  Crop  Production,  Soil  Fer- 
tility, Farm  Bookkeeping,  Animal  and  Plant  Improvement, 
Heredity,  Crossbreeding  and  Interbreeding  of  Plants,  Cem- 
ent Construction  and  Drawing,  The  Farmstead,  Farm  Ma- 
chinery. 

DESIGN. 

This  is  an  important  course  not  only  because  of  its  own 
immediate  value  but  as  an  adjunct  to  other  lines  of  work. 
Good  design  is  absolutely  essential  to  the  manufacturer,  the 
architect,  the  decorator,  and  to  the  printer.  Quite  a  field  is 
open  also  to  those  who  enter  designing,  engraving  or  illus- 
trating as  a  profession. 

PRINTING. 

A  practical  course  in  printing  is  offered  as  an  elective, 
In  addition  to  the  mechanical  work  of  the  printing  trade  it 
is  hoped  to  instill  some  of  the  printing  art  into  the  pupil, 
to  teach  him  correct  form,  good  design  and  how  to  properly 
estimate  costs.  It  is  hoped  that  a  pupil  who  has  taken  this 
work  in  connection  with  applied  art  may  be  of  service  to 
concerns  who  need  men  and  women  who  can  estimate  costs 
in  advertising,  design  acceptable  covers,  know  a  good  title 
page,  in  fact  be  of  value  in  printing  work  requiring  initia- 
tive. 

ELECTRICAL  CONSTRUCTION. 

The  rapid  advance  along  electrical  lines  has  made  it 
impossible  for  the  number  of  skilled  workmen  to  equal  the 
demand.  Electrical  companies  experience  difficulties  in 
securing  intelligent  workmen  in  this  line. 

This  course  covers  all  kinds  of  house  and  building  wir- 
ing, switchboard  work  and  armature  winding,  also  a  study 
of  storage  batteries.  Coming  as  it  does  after  he  has  had 
three  years  of  science,  the  pupil  has  a  foundation  which 
makes  his  advancement  rapid  and  sure. 

DRESSMAKING  AND  MILLINERY. 

These  subjects  are  taught  in  connection  with  art  and 
design.  It  is  expected  that  the  pupil  will  know  good  form 
and  proper  effects.  Designing  and  drafting  are  taught  so 
that  pupils  are  not  dependent  on  the  purchase  and  use  of 

19 


patterns.     The  millinery  is  designed  and  then  fashioned 
completely  from  the  raw  materials. 

COOKING. 

Special  courses  in  fancy  cookery  and  in  catering  are 
offered  for  those  who  wish  to  specialize  in  this  line  or  to 
become  teachers  of  domestic  science.  The  cafe  being  under 
the  direction  of  this  department  offers  an  excellent  practice 
school  in  this  kind  of  work. 

DRAFTING. 

Drafting  for  advanced  pupils  divides  naturally  into  ma- 
chine design  and  structural  lines.  These  courses  are  begun 
after  the  pupil  has  had  two  years  of  instruction  in  general 
drafting. 

PATTERN  MAKING. 

After  a  year  of  elementary  pattern  making,  a  term 
each  of  cabinet  making,  forge  shop  and  machine  shop,  the 
pupil  may  devote  his  technical  time  to  advanced  pattern 
making.  This  is  carried  on  after  the  methods  of  the  best 
commercial  pattern  shops  and  should  lead  to  immediate 
remuneration  to  the  pupil  taking  up  this  work. 

MACHINE  SHOP. 

In  these  perfectly  equipped  shops  there  is  every  oppor- 
tunity for  the  boy  who  wants  to  become  an  expert  machine 
hand  or  who  wishes  to  study  tool  making.  His  work  in 
mathematics,  mechanics,  and  drafting  gives  him  a  general 
understanding  of  machines,  and  tools  not  possible  under  an 
apprenticeship  system. 

CHEMISTRY. 

Two  courses  in  Chemistry  are  offered  as  electives  in 
the  fourth  year,  industrial  chemistry  and  agricultural  chem- 
istry. The  course  in  industrial  chemistry  is  designed  to 
meet  the  need  of  a  more  thorough  understanding  of  the 
chemical  character  and  possibilities  of  materials.  Since 
every  industry  uses  heat  the  subject  of  fuels  is  taken  first. 
As  it  has  been  estimated  that  in  Cleveland  between  800 
and  1000  tons  of  fuel  are  consumed  each  minute  and  no 
substitute  has  been  suggested,  we  are  justified  in  demanding 
that  more  attention  be  paid  to  fuel  than  has  been  in  the 
past.  The  application  of  fuel  to  the  different  industries  as 

20 


iron,  steel,  and  cement  will  follow  with  an  opportunity  to 
branch  out  into  electro-plating,  photography,  or  special 
branches  which  students  may  have  an  opportunity  to  enter. 
Agricultural  chemistry  is  given  by  experimental  lec- 
tures, recitation,  and  laboratory  work  including  the  follow- 
ing subjects :  Ingredients  of  Plants,  Food  Requirements  of 
Plants  and  their  Sources,  Soil  Types — Potato  and  Truck 
Soils,  Fruit  Soils,  etc.,  Chemical  Composition  of  Soils,  Soil 
Exhaustion  and  Conservation,  Methods  of  Determining 
Needs  of  Soils,  Farm  Manures,  Commercial  Fertilizers 
and  their  Rational  Use. 

PHYSICAL  TRAINING. 
See  regular  course  in  physical  training  page  14. 


21 


THE  PENTON  PRESS  COMPANY 
CLEVELAND 


DC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


